Health and Gender - Resilience and Vulnerability Factors For Women's Health in the Contemporary Society

von: Ilaria Tarricone, Anita Riecher-Rössler

Springer-Verlag, 2019

ISBN: 9783030150389

Sprache: Englisch

320 Seiten, Download: 5608 KB

Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen

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Health and Gender - Resilience and Vulnerability Factors For Women's Health in the Contemporary Society

	Foreword	5
	Preface	7
	References	9
	More References	9
	Acknowledgements	10
	Contents	11
	Part I: Introduction	14
	1: Fairness, Equality and Health: Towards a Gender-Oriented Perspective	15
	References	20
	Suggested Reading	20
	2: The Woman in the History of Health	21
	2.1 Women as Healthcare Workers	22
	2.2 Women as Patients	24
	References	25
	Suggested Reading	25
	3: Gender Violence: Risk Factors and Social Vulnerability	26
	References	28
	Suggested Reading	28
	4: Gender Violence: Protective Factors and Resilience	29
	References	32
	Suggested Reading	32
	Part II: The Bio-psicho-social Determinants of Health for the Women	33
	5: Vulnerability and Protective Factors for Mental Health: A Rereading in Gender Perspective	34
	5.1 Gender Differences in Incidence, Prevalence, and Age of Onset of Mental Disorders	35
	5.2 Vulnerability, Risk, and Protective Factors Associated with Sex and Gender	36
	5.2.1 Biological Factors	37
	5.2.1.1 Sex Hormones	37
	5.2.2 Psychosocial Factors	38
	5.2.2.1 Early Socialization and Coping Style	38
	5.2.2.2 Social Status and Social Roles	39
	5.2.2.3 Dependency, Harassment, and Violence	39
	5.3 Gender Roles and Illness Behavior	40
	5.4 Conclusions	40
	References	41
	Suggested Reading	45
	Website	45
	6: Gender, Genoma, and Health	46
	6.1 Sex Is Genetically Determined	47
	6.2 Effect of Sex-Regulated Tissue Expression: The Example of the Brain	49
	References	50
	7: Women at Work	52
	References	56
	Suggested Reading	56
	8: Women, Migration and Social Environment	58
	8.1 Introduction	59
	8.2 Social Factors	60
	8.3 Social Support and Mental Health Outcomes	60
	8.4 Social Support, Social Conflict and Mental Health Service Use	61
	8.5 Social Support Interventions	62
	8.6 Perceived Social Support	63
	8.7 Social Exclusion, Stigma and Discrimination	64
	8.8 Influence of Acculturation Strategies	66
	8.9 Mental Health in Refugee, Asylum Seeker and Immigrant Patients	67
	8.10 Case Study: Prevention Has No Colour 2.0 Bologna (Italy)	69
	8.11 Conclusion	71
	References	71
	9: For Media, “Women’s Health” Often Stands for “Beauty”	78
	9.1 Breast Cancer	79
	9.2 Body Weight	80
	9.3 The Media Revolution	81
	References	81
	Suggested Reading	82
	10: Health and Gender in Movies	83
	Suggested Reading	86
	11: Women in Music: The Case of Italian Opera	87
	Appendix 11.1: Francesco Maria Piave—Giuseppe Verdi, Ernani (Venice, La Fenice, 1844)	93
	Appendix 11.2: Francesco Maria Piave/Andrea Maffei—Giuseppe Verdi, Macbeth (Florence, La Pergola, 1847)	94
	Appendix 11.3: Francesco Maria Piave—Giuseppe Verdi, La Traviata (Venice, La Fenice, 1853)	95
	Suggested Reading	96
	12: Sport and Gender	98
	12.1 Introduction: Women, Sport and Medicine	98
	12.2 Musculoskeletal and Ligament Injuries	99
	12.3 Iron Deficiency and Anaemia	101
	12.4 Menstrual Cycle Irregularities	103
	12.5 Bone Health and Osteoporosis	104
	12.6 Conclusions	105
	References	105
	Suggested Reading	107
	13: Diet and Gender	109
	13.1 Introduction	109
	13.2 The Role of Women in History and Culture	110
	13.3 Diet, Health and Beauty: Gender Differences and Possible Mechanisms	112
	13.4 Food Craving and Food Addiction: Different Choices Between Women and Men	113
	13.5 Knowledge About Diet, Its Impact on Health and Dissatisfaction with Body Shape	115
	13.6 The Role of Mothers in the Dietary Behaviour of Their Children	115
	13.7 Conclusions	116
	References	117
	Suggested Reading	118
	Part III: Women’s Health at All Stages of Life	119
	14: Motherhood, Childbirth and Perinatal Age	120
	14.1 Introduction	121
	14.2 Motherhood and Childbirth	121
	14.2.1 Parenting Risk: Preterm Birth	121
	14.2.2 Parenting Risk: Migration	123
	14.3 Perinatal Age: The Importance of Relationships for Infant Development	124
	14.4 Conclusions	126
	References	126
	15: Childhood	129
	15.1 Introduction	130
	15.2 Infancy	130
	15.2.1 Attachment	130
	15.2.2 Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Health During Infancy	131
	15.2.3 Gender Differences in Infancy	132
	15.2.4 Neuropsychiatric Conditions in Infancy	133
	15.3 Childhood	133
	15.3.1 Adverse Childhood Experiences	133
	15.4 Resilience	137
	15.5 The Biology of Environmental Effects	137
	15.5.1 Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood	139
	15.6 Conclusion	139
	References	140
	16: Young Women in the “Digital Generation”—New Risks and New Opportunities	143
	16.1 The Digital Generation	145
	16.2 Risky Situations	148
	16.2.1 Hyper-connection and Internet Addiction	148
	16.2.2 Web-Based Unhealthy Lifestyle Promotion (Pro-ana, Pro-drinking, Pro-suicide)	148
	16.2.3 Cyberbullying	149
	16.2.4 Grooming	149
	16.3 Conclusions	150
	References	150
	Suggested Reading	151
	List of Web Resources for Mental Health Promotion and Prevention	152
	17: Sexual Health, LGBT, and Human Rights	153
	17.1 Introduction to Sex Orienteering	154
	17.2 Definition of Gender	155
	17.3 The Feminine and the Feminist Perspective of Gender	155
	17.4 Lesbian, Transgender, and Intersexual Differences: The Coming Out	155
	17.5 Lesbian, Transgender, and Intersexual: A Medical History	156
	17.6 The Lesbian Violence Risk	157
	17.7 Vulnerable Factors for Lesbians Health	157
	17.8 Protective Health Factors for Lesbians	158
	17.9 Genomic Differences	158
	17.10 Differences in Work Places	158
	17.11 Educational Factors	159
	17.12 Problems Related to Migration	159
	17.13 Role of Media, Cinema, Music, or Dance	159
	17.14 Sports and LGBT	159
	17.15 Dietary Problems	160
	17.16 Motherhood	160
	17.17 Sexual Health and Human Rights	160
	17.18 Elder Age	161
	17.19 Other Specifics	161
	References	161
	18: Senility	165
	18.1 Disability	166
	18.2 Sarcopenia	166
	18.3 Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis	167
	References	168
	Part IV: Gender Aspects in Medical Disorders and Care	169
	19: Heart and Vascular Disorders: Gender Differences in Acute Coronary Syndrome	170
	19.1 Introduction	171
	19.2 Pathophysiology and Coronary Anatomy	172
	19.3 Clinical Presentation	173
	19.4 Diagnosis and Management	174
	19.4.1 Treatment of Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS) [6]	174
	19.4.2 Treatment of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [7]	175
	19.5 Prognosis	176
	References	177
	20: Endocrine Disorders	179
	20.1 Introduction	179
	20.2 Role of Androgens in Metabolic Target Tissues	180
	20.3 Role of Estrogens in Metabolic Target Tissues	181
	20.4 Hyperandrogenism, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women	182
	20.5 Hypoestrogenism, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes in Women	183
	20.6 Conclusions	184
	References	184
	Suggested Reading	186
	21: Urogenital and Reproductive Disorders	187
	21.1 Introduction	188
	21.2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)	189
	21.3 Infertility	190
	21.4 Contraception	191
	21.5 Menopause	192
	21.6 Sexual Health	192
	21.7 Lower Urinary Tract Disorders and Pelvic Organ Prolapse	193
	21.8 Summary	194
	References	195
	Suggested Reading	196
	22: Central and Peripheral Nervous Disorders	197
	22.1 Introduction	199
	22.2 Stroke	200
	22.3 Dementia	202
	22.4 Headache	204
	22.5 Multiple Sclerosis	206
	22.6 Epilepsy	210
	22.6.1 Female Hormones and Contraception	210
	22.6.2 Reproductive and Sexual Dysfunction	211
	22.6.3 Pregnancy and Lactation	211
	22.6.4 Menopause-Related Issues	212
	References	213
	Suggested Reading	216
	23: Psychiatric Disorders	217
	23.1 Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Anxiety Disorders	218
	23.2 Perinatal Depression and Postpartum Psychosis	222
	23.3 Schizophrenic Psychosis	224
	23.4 Eating Disorders	227
	23.5 Conclusion	228
	References	228
	24: Gender and Pain	238
	24.1 Introduction	238
	24.2 Pain Severity and Treatment	240
	24.3 Mechanism Underlying Sex Differences	240
	24.4 Conclusion	243
	References	243
	25: The Brain-Gut Axis and the Gender	246
	25.1 The Brain-Gut Axis	247
	25.2 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Brain-Gut Axis	247
	25.3 Gender and the Brain-Gut Axis	248
	25.3.1 Sex and Gender-Related Impact of Psychological Factors on FGID Symptoms	248
	25.3.2 Sex-Related Pathophysiological Factors in FGIDs	250
	25.3.3 Role of Endocrine Factors on Symptom Exacerbation	251
	25.4 Treatment of FGIDs: Several Gender Differences	252
	25.5 Conclusions	253
	References	253
	26: Infectious Diseases and Gender: Focus on HIV Infection	255
	26.1 Introduction	255
	26.2 Natural History of HIV Infection	256
	26.3 Inflammation and Comorbidities	257
	26.4 Reservoirs and Functional Cure	257
	References	258
	Part V: Cure, Organization of Services and Gender	260
	27: Social Services in Front of Feminine Social Disease	261
	Suggested Reading	265
	28: Primary Care	266
	28.1 Focus on Primary Care Services	269
	28.2 Attitude and Clinical Behavior of Health Professionals	269
	28.3 Conclusions	270
	References	270
	Suggested Reading	271
	29: Towards Gender-Sensitive Mental Health Services	273
	29.1 Introduction	273
	29.2 Gender Differences in Mental Health Service Use	274
	29.2.1 Mood Disorders	274
	29.2.2 First Episode Psychosis (FEP) and Longitudinal Outcome of Psychosis	274
	29.2.3 Eating Disorders	275
	29.2.4 Drug Abuse and Addiction	275
	29.2.5 Gender Differences in the Late Period of Life	276
	29.3 Gender-Specific Mental Health Services	276
	29.3.1 Pregnancy and Postpartum	276
	29.4 Conclusion	277
	References	278
	Suggested Reading	283
	30: Guarantee Committee for Equal Opportunity, Employee Well-Being and Non-discrimination at Work (CUG)	284
	30.1 Structure of the Governing Body	285
	30.2 Objectives and Areas of Interest	285
	30.3 Powers and Functions	287
	30.4 Conclusions	288
	31: Prevention of Violence and Emergency Services	289
	31.1 The Story Told by the Victim	290
	31.2 The Physical and Genital Examination	291
	31.3 Patient Treatment	291
	31.4 Forensic Sampling	291
	31.5 Consent of the Patient	292
	31.6 Follow-Up of the Patient	293
	References	294
	Suggested Reading	295
	32: When the Woman Is the Mother: The Work of Pediatrician for Caring Mothers and Children	296
	32.1 Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy	297
	32.2 Children Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence	298
	References	301
	Suggested Reading	303
	Part VI: Histories and Epilogues	304
	33: The Association of the Teachers of the Bologna University (AdDU): A Story of Increasing Consciousness	305
	References	307
	34: The Vase of Flowers: A Tale for Preschool Children on Mothers’ Chemotherapy Side Effects	309
	References	312
	Suggested Reading	312
	35: Women at School	313
	Suggested Reading	316
	36: When the Daughter is a Doctor	317
	Reference	320

Health and Gender - Resilience and Vulnerability Factors For Women's Health in the Contemporary Society

von: Ilaria Tarricone, Anita Riecher-Rössler

Health and Gender - Resilience and Vulnerability Factors For Women's Health in the Contemporary Society

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