English for Presentations at International Conferences

von: Adrian Wallwork

Springer-Verlag, 2016

ISBN: 9783319263304

Sprache: Englisch

293 Seiten, Download: 3030 KB

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English for Presentations at International Conferences

	Preface	6
	Who is this book for?	6
	What does this book cover?	6
	How is the book organized?	7
	How are the chapters organized?	7
	How should I read this book?	8
	Differences from the first edition	8
	I am a trainer in EAP and EFL. Should I read this book?	8
	Are the examples in this book taken from real presentations?	9
	The author	9
	Other books in this series	9
	Chapter 1: The Importance of Presentations	20
	1.1 What's the buzz?	21
	1.2 Giving presentations gives you visibility and advances your career	22
	1.3 Simply attending, without presenting, is not enough	23
	1.4 Good presentations: typical features	23
	1.5 Bad presentations: typical features	24
	1.6 The key to a professional presentation	24
	Chapter 2: TED and Learning from Others	25
	2.1 What's the buzz?	26
	2.2 Choosing a TED presentation and learning the benefits	27
	2.3 TED example with use of slides: Let’s bridge the digital divide!	27
	2.4 TED example with minimal slides, delivered from a lectern: The forgotten history of autism	29
	2.5 What might Steve have done differently if he had been giving a more formal version of his talk at an international conference made up of a multilingual audience?	30
	2.6 TED example delivered from a lectern: This is what it's like to teach in North Korea	31
	2.7 What can you learn from these three TED presentations?	32
	2.8 Should you opt for TED-style presentations?	33
	2.9 TED viewers rarely comment on non-native speakers' use of English	34
	2.10 Note down what you remember about the presentations you watch	35
	2.11 Assess other people's presentations	35
	2.12 Using TED talks	35
	Chapter 3: Why You Should Write Out Your Speech	37
	3.1 What's the buzz?	38
	3.2 Write down your speech	40
	3.3 Don't lift text directly from your paper	41
	3.4 Only have one idea per sentence	42
	3.5 Be concise—only say things that add value	43
	3.6 Simplify sentences that are difficult to say	44
	3.7 Do not use synonyms for technical/key words	45
	3.8 Only use synonyms for nontechnical words	45
	3.9 Use verbs rather than nouns	46
	3.10 Avoid abstract nouns	46
	3.11 Avoid generic quantities and unspecific adjectives	46
	3.12 Advantages of having a written script	47
	3.13 Mark up your script and then practice reading it aloud	48
	3.14 Use your script to write notes to accompany your slides	49
	3.15 Use your speech to decide if and when to have slides and in what order	49
	3.16 Tense usage	51
	Chapter 4: Writing the text of your slides	55
	4.1 What’s the buzz?	56
	4.2 PART 1: TITLES - WHOLE PRESENTATION AND INDIVIDUAL SLIDES	57
	4.2.1 Make sure your title is not too technical for your audience	57
	4.2.2 Remove all redundancy from your title, but don't be too concise	59
	4.2.3 Check that your title is grammatical and is spelt correctly	60
	4.2.4 Deciding what else to include in the title slide	61
	4.2.5 Think of alternative titles for your slides	62
	4.3 PART 2: KEEPING TEXT ON SLIDES TO THE MINIMUM	63
	4.3.1 Keep it simple: one idea per slide	63
	4.3.2 Where possible, avoid complete sentences	63
	4.3.3 Only use complete sentences for a specific purpose	64
	4.3.4 Avoid repetition within the same slide	65
	4.3.5 Use only well-known acronyms, abbreviations, contractions, and symbols	66
	4.3.6 Choose the shortest forms possible	66
	4.3.7 Cut brackets containing text	67
	4.3.8 Keep quotations short	67
	4.3.9 Avoid references	68
	4.3.10 Don’t put text in your slides to say what you will do or have done during your presentation	68
	4.4 PART 3: BULLETS	70
	4.4.1 Limit yourself to six (standard) bullets per slide, with a a maximum of two levels of bullets	70
	4.4.2 Choose the best order for the bullets	71
	4.4.3 Do not use a bullet for every line in your text	71
	4.4.4 Be grammatical in bullets and where possible use verbs not nouns	72
	4.5 PART 4: CHECKING YOUR SLIDES	74
	4.5.1 Print your slides as a handout then edit /cut them	74
	4.5.2 Check for typos	74
	Chapter 5: Visual Elements and Fonts	75
	5.1 What’s the buzz?	76
	5.2 Use visuals to help your audience understand, but keep the visuals simple	77
	5.3 Choose the most appropriate figure to illustrate your point	78
	5.4 Design pie charts so that the audience can immediately understand them	83
	5.5 Only include visuals that you intend to talk about	85
	5.6 Use an image to replace unnecessary or tedious text	85
	5.7 Only show a slide for as long as you are talking about it	86
	5.8 Avoid visuals that force you (the presenter) to look at the screen	86
	5.9 Make sure your slide can be read by the audience in the back row	87
	5.10 Use background color to facilitate audience understanding	87
	5.11 Choose your font(s) wisely, and limit different types of formatting	88
	5.12 Remember the difference in usage between commas and points in numbers	88
	5.13 Locate formulas, code, procedures etc between 'easy-on-the-eye' slides	88
	5.14 Be aware of the dangers of presentation software	89
	5.15 Only use animations if they serve a good purpose	90
	5.16 Introduce items in a list one at a time only if absolutely necessary	90
	5.17 A few tricks provided by presentation software	91
	5.18 Final checks	92
	Chapter 6: Ten Ways to Begin a Presentation	93
	6.1 What's the buzz?	94
	6.2 Basic do's and don'ts at the beginning of your presentation	95
	6.3 Decide how you are going to begin	95
	6.4 Say what you plan to do in your presentation and why	96
	6.5 Tell the audience some facts about where you come from	98
	6.6 Show a map	99
	6.7 Give an interesting statistic that relates to your country	100
	6.8 Give an interesting statistic that relates directly to the audience	100
	6.9 Get the audience to imagine a situation	102
	6.10 Ask the audience a question	102
	6.11 Say something personal about yourself	104
	6.12 Mention something topical	105
	6.13 Say something counterintuitive	106
	6.14 Moral of the story	106
	Chapter 7: Agenda and Transitions	107
	7.1 What's the buzz?	108
	7.2 Consider not having an “agenda” slide	109
	7.3 Use an “Agenda” slide for longer presentations and for arts, humanities, and social sciences	110
	7.4 Use an agenda to introduce key terminology	112
	7.5 Only move to the next slide when you’ve finished talking about the current slide	112
	7.6 Use transitions to guide your audience	113
	7.7 Learn how to signal a move from one section to the next	114
	7.8 Exploit your transitions for other purposes than simply moving to the next topic	114
	7.9 Only use an introductory phrase to a slide when strictly necessary	114
	7.10 Be concise	115
	7.11 Add variety to your transitions	115
	Chapter 8: Methodology	116
	8.1 What's the buzz?	117
	8.2 First, regain the audience’s attention	118
	8.3 Give simple explanations and be careful when giving numbers	118
	8.4 Give examples first, technical explanations second	119
	8.5 Be brief and only talk about what is strictly necessary	119
	8.6 Show only the key steps in a process or procedure	120
	8.7 Use slide titles to help explain a process	121
	8.8 Explain why you are not describing the whole process	121
	8.9 Indicate where you are in a process	122
	8.10 Tell a story rather than sounding like a technical manual	123
	8.11 Bring your figures, graphs, etc., alive	125
	8.12 Minimize or cut the use of equations, formulas, and calculations	126
	8.13 Use active and passive forms effectively	127
	Chapter 9: Results and Discussion	128
	9.1 What's the buzz?	129
	9.2 Focus only on the key results, and keep the explanation short	130
	9.3 Communicate the value of what you have done—put your results in the big picture	131
	9.4 Explain graphs in a meaningful way	131
	9.5 Avoid phrases that might make you sound overconfident, arrogant or critical of others	133
	9.6 Tell the audience about any problems in interpreting your results	135
	9.7 Explain whether your results were expected or not	136
	9.8 Be upfront about your poor/uninteresting/negative results	137
	9.9 Turn your'negative' results into an opportunity for collaboration	138
	9.10 Encourage discussion and debate	138
	Chapter 10: Conclusions	139
	10.1 What’s the buzz?	140
	10.2 Be brief and don’t deviate from your planned speech	141
	10.3 Show your enthusiasm and remind audience of key findings	142
	10.4 Make sure your final slides give useful information	143
	10.5 Five ways to end a presentation	144
	10.6 Write/Show something interesting on your final slide	147
	10.7 Prepare a sequence of identical copies of your last slide	148
	10.8 Learn what to say before you introduce the Q&A session	148
	Chapter 11: Questions and Answers	149
	11.1 What's the buzz?	150
	11.2 Learn to deal with your anxiety about the Q&A session	151
	11.3 Prepare in advance for all possible questions	152
	11.4 Give the audience time to respond to your call for questions	152
	11.5 Get the questioner to stand up. Reply to the whole audience	153
	11.6 Repeat the questions	153
	11.7 Remember that it is not just your fault if you can’t understand the question	154
	11.8 Don’t interrupt the questioner unless …	154
	11.9 Be concise in giving your answers	155
	11.10 Always be polite	155
	11.11 If you are attending an important professor's presentation, think about the value of asking her / him a question?	156
	11.12 Think about how you might answer (or ask) generic questions	156
	Chapter 12: Attracting Audiences and Keeping Their Attention	159
	12.1 What's the buzz?	160
	12.2 Ensure you have an attractive title	161
	12.3 Be aware of the implications of the time when your presentation is scheduled	162
	12.4 Immediately make eye contact with the audience and maintain it throughout	162
	12.5 Adopt an appropriate level of formality	163
	12.6 Exploit moments of high audience attention	165
	12.7 Don’t spend too long on one slide and consider blanking the screen	165
	12.8 Learn ways to regain audience attention after you have lost it	166
	12.9 Present statistics in a way that the audience can relate to them	167
	12.10 Avoid quasi-technical terms	168
	12.11 Explain or paraphrase words that may be unfamiliar to the audience	168
	12.12 Occasionally use'strong' adjectives	169
	12.13 Be aware of cultural differences	169
	12.14 Be serious and have fun	170
	12.15 Gaining and keeping your audience’s attention: a summary	171
	Chapter 13: Handling Your Nerves	172
	13.1 What's the buzz?	173
	13.2 Standing up in public	174
	13.3 Dealing with your English accent and grammar	175
	13.4 Presenting negative or'uninteresting' results	176
	13.5 Handling nerves during the Q&A session	176
	13.6 Prepare for forgetting what you want to say	178
	13.7 Get to know your potential audience at the bar and social dinners	178
	13.8 Check out the room where your presentation will be	179
	13.9 Do some physical exercises immediately before your presentation	179
	Chapter 14: Pronunciation and Intonation	180
	14.1 What's the buzz?	181
	14.2 English has an irregular system of pronunciation	182
	14.3 Dealing with your accent and pronunciation	182
	14.4 Use online resources to check your pronunciation	183
	14.5 Practise your pronunciation by following transcripts and imitating the speaker	184
	14.6 Don’t speak too fast or too much, and vary your tone of voice	185
	14.7 Use stress to highlight the key words	186
	14.8 Be very careful of English technical words that also exist in your language	187
	14.9 Practise -ed endings	187
	14.10 Enunciate numbers very clearly	188
	14.11 Avoid er, erm, ah	188
	14.12 Practise with a native speaker	188
	Chapter 15: Rehearsing and Self-Assessment	189
	15.1 What’s the buzz?	190
	15.2 Use your notes (upload them onto your phone)	191
	15.3 Vary the parts you practice	192
	15.4 Practice your position relative to the screen	193
	15.5 Don’t sit. Stand and move around	194
	15.6 Use your hands	194
	15.7 Have an expressive face and smile	195
	15.8 Organize your time	195
	15.9 Cut redundant slides (but not interesting ones), simplify complicated slides	196
	15.10 Prepare for the software or the equipment breaking down	197
	15.11 Make a video recording of yourself	198
	15.12 Learn how to be self-critical: practice with colleagues	198
	15.13 Get colleagues to assess the value of your slides	200
	15.14 Email your presentation to your professor and colleagues	200
	15.15 Do a final spell check on your slides	201
	15.16 Improve your slides and your speech after the presentation	201
	Chapter 16: Networking: Preparation for Social Events	202
	16.1 What's the buzz?	203
	16.2 Exploit conferences for publishing your research and for networking	203
	16.3 Anticipate answers to questions that people might ask you after your presentation	204
	16.4 Learn how to introduce yourself for both formal and informal occasions	205
	16.5 Use people’s titles where appropriate	206
	16.6 Prepare strategies for introducing yourself to a presenter after his / her presentation	207
	16.7 Learn how to introduce yourself to a group of people	207
	16.8 Identify typical conversation topics and prepare related vocabulary lists	209
	16.9 Learn what topics of conversation are not acceptable for particular nationalities	210
	16.10 Think of other safe topics that involve cultural similarities rather than just differences	211
	16.11 If you live near the conference location, be prepared to answer questions on your town	212
	16.12 Prepare anecdotes that you can recount over dinner	212
	16.13 Practice being at the center of attention in low-risk situations	214
	Chapter 17: Networking: Successful Informal Meetings	216
	17.1 What's the buzz?	217
	17.2 Decide in advance which key people you want to meet	218
	17.3 Email your key person in advance of the conference	219
	17.4 Consider telephoning your key person in advance of the conference, rather than emailing	220
	17.5 Think of how the meeting could be beneficial not only to you but also to your key person	221
	17.6 Find out as much as you can about your key person, but be discreet	221
	17.7 Encourage your key person to come to your presentation or poster session	222
	17.8 Exploit opportunities for introductions at the coffee machine	222
	17.9 Be prepared for what to say if your proposal for a meeting is not accepted	224
	17.10 Prepare well for any informal one-to-one meetings	224
	17.11 Be positive throughout informal one-to-one meetings	224
	17.12 A verbal exchange is like a game of ping pong: always give your interlocutor an opportunity to speak	226
	17.13 Ensure that you follow up on your meeting	229
	Chapter 18: Posters	230
	18.1 What's the buzz?	231
	18.2 PART 1: CREATING A POSTER AND KNOWING WHAT TO SAY	232
	18.2.1 Purpose	232
	18.2.2 Types of research that might be better presented in a poster rather than a formal presentation	232
	18.2.3 Deciding what to include	233
	18.2.4 Using bullets to describe your research objectives	233
	18.2.5 Other points in the poster where you can use bullets	234
	18.2.6 Checking your text	235
	18.2.7 Quality check	235
	18.2.8 What to say to your audience	236
	18.3 PART 2: WHAT SECTIONS TO INCLUDE AND WHAT TO PUT IN THEM	237
	18.3.1 Title	237
	18.3.2 Summary	237
	18.3.3 Introduction	238
	18.3.4 Materials and methods	239
	18.3.5 Results	239
	18.3.6 Conclusions	240
	18.3.7 Your contact details	241
	18.3.8 Other things to include (in a much smaller font)	241
	Chapter 19: Advice for Native English Speakers on How to Present at International Conferences and Run Workshops	242
	19.1 What's the buzz?	243
	19.2 Learn from seasoned speakers	244
	19.3 Understand what it feels like not to understand	245
	19.4 Watch TED to understand how it feels to be a non-native speaker	246
	19.5 Watch TED to understand how to talk to non-natives	247
	19.6 Learn another language!	248
	19.7 Have two versions of your presentation	248
	19.8 Ensure you adapt a presentation that you have given to native speakers and make it suitable for non-natives	249
	19.9 Focus on what non-natives actually like about native speakers	249
	19.10 Be careful of cultural differences	250
	19.11 Avoid humor, but have fun	250
	19.12 Explain key words	252
	19.13 Choose appropriate vocabulary	252
	19.14 Mind your language!	254
	19.15 Speak slowly and enunciate very clearly	255
	19.16 Workshops and seminars: try to reduce anxiety levels of the audience as soon as possible	255
	19.17 Never equate a person's level of English with their level of intelligence	256
	19.18 Take responsibility for any lack of understanding by your interlocutor	256
	19.19 Ask your participants questions during workshops	257
	19.20 Avoid saying ‘OK?’ to check understanding during workshops	257
	19.21 Remind the audience of the big picture	258
	19.22 Have recap slides in addition to or as an occasional alternative to questions slides	259
	19.23 Reduce your talking time during workshops, seminars and training sessions	259
	19.24 Timing and breaks: using exercises in workshops	260
	19.25 Handouts	260
	19.26 If you are a participant, never dominate the discussion	260
	Chapter 20: Useful Phrases	261
	20.1 PART 1 PRESENTATIONS AND POSTERS	261
	20.1.1 Introductions and outline	261
	20.1.2 Transitions	263
	20.1.3 Emphasizing, qualifying, giving examples	264
	20.1.4 Diagrams	265
	20.1.5 Making reference to parts of the presentation	268
	20.1.6 Discussing results, conclusions, future work	269
	20.1.7 Ending	270
	20.1.8 Questions and answers	270
	20.1.9 Things that can go wrong	272
	20.1.10 What to say during a poster session	274
	20.2 PART 2: NETWORKING	275
	20.2.1 Introductions	275
	20.2.2 Meeting people who you have met before	276
	20.2.3 Small talk	277
	20.2.4 Arranging meetings	278
	20.2.5 At an informal one-to-one meeting	279
	20.2.6 At the bar, restaurant and social dinners	280
	20.2.7 Saying goodbye	284
	Acknowledgements	286
	Sources	287
	Index	292

English for Presentations at International Conferences

von: Adrian Wallwork

English for Presentations at International Conferences

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